摘要
       人们普遍认为，微塑料（MP）生物膜在水中积累抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）。ARB/ARGs和MP是由于各种相关的健康风险而引起关注的新兴污染物。本研究的目的是：1）调查中试规模污水处理厂（WWTP）出水中的ARB群落，2）研究和可视化污水处理厂出水和自来水中生长的MP生物膜中的ARB/ARGs，3）在受控条件下分析生物膜中粘附的微塑料ARB/ARG和滤液中的浮游ARB/ARGs。结果表明，在污水处理厂出水中分离的ARB中，假单胞菌、气单胞菌和芽孢杆菌占优势。在一系列分批实验中，将代表性抗性菌株在含有300550μm直径（MP）商业聚苯乙烯珠的300mL水中孵育。通过计数、16srRNA、实时聚合酶链式反应（qPCR）和场发射扫描电子显微镜（FEG-SEM）技术进行微生物学、分子和显微镜分析。分析的活性ARB表明，在第3天和第5天之间，MP生物膜呈增加趋势。在第7天和第9天进一步下降。滤液和MP生物膜中ARB的患病率随着时间和TOC水平的变化而变化，而对于较小的温度变化、较低的抗生素压力和MP质量的增加，没有观察到显著的影响，只有少数例外。MP生物膜中ARGs（vanA，sul1）和整合素整合酶基因（intl1）的相对丰度在不同的TOC水平、时间和抗生素压力下显著不同。第30天，在自来水和污水处理厂污水中的MP生物膜中检测到ARGs和intl1。
Abstract
It is accepted that Microplastic (MP) biofilms accumulates antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in water. ARB/ARGs and MPs are emerging pollutants of concern due to various associated health risks. The objective of this study was to 1) investigate the ARB community in a pilot-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, 2) to study and visualize the ARB/ARGs in MP biofilm grown in WWTP effluent and tap water, and 3) to analyze microplastic adherent ARB/ARGs in the biofilm and planktonic ARB/ARGs in the filtrate under controlled conditions. Results indicated the dominance of Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Bacillus among isolated ARB in WWTP effluent. Representative resistance strains were incubated in 300 mL water containing commercial polystyrene beads of 300550 μm diameter (MP) in a series of batch experiments. Microbiological, molecular, and microscopic analyses were performed by enumeration, 16srRNA, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM) techniques. The analyzed viable ARB indicated an increasing trend in MP biofilms between days 3 and 5. It further decreased on days 7 and 9. The prevalence of ARB in the filtrate and MP biofilm varied as a function of time and TOC level, while no significant impacts were observed for minor temperature variation, low antibiotic pressure, and increased MP mass with few exceptions. Relative abundance of ARGs (vanA, sul1) and integron integrase gene (intl1) in MP biofilm were significantly different across different TOC levels, time, and antibiotic pressure. ARGs and intl1 were detected in the MP biofilm in tap water and WWTP effluent on day 30.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896972206123X