摘要
      随着全球共同努力应对抗生素耐药性的传播，减少抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）的环境负担的迫切需要变得更加明显。关于ARG在污水污泥和动物粪便中的含量，以及它们在传统厌氧消化（AD）过程中的衰减不足，损害了消化物的安全性，这是AD的一种营养丰富的副产品，通常被回收到农田中以改善土壤质量。通过消化物的陆地应用引入自然环境的外源ARGs可以通过水平基因转移（HGT）从无害的环境细菌转移到临床相关的细菌，并可能最终通过食物、水和空气到达人类。因此，这篇综述讨论了使用碳基和铁基导电材料（CMs）作为添加剂来缓解污水污泥和动物粪便AD过程中ARGs的增殖的前景。这篇综述重点介绍了支持CMs对电阻谱影响的核心机制、使用CMs最大化ARG衰减的步骤以及当前的知识差距。收集的数据和信息表明，CMs可以通过减轻ARGs的选择性压力、改变微生物群落结构和减少HGT，从而大大降低消化物中ARGs含量。
Abstract
The urgent need to reduce the environmental burden of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has become even more apparent as concerted efforts are made globally to tackle the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Concerning levels of ARGs abound in sewage sludge and animal manure, and their inadequate attenuation during conventional anaerobic digestion (AD) compromises the safety of the digestate, a nutrient-rich by-product of AD commonly recycled to agricultural land for improvement of soil quality. Exogenous ARGs introduced into the natural environment via the land application of digestate can be transferred from innocuous environmental bacteria to clinically relevant bacteria by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and may eventually reach humans through food, water, and air. This review, therefore, discusses the prospects of using carbon- and iron-based conductive materials (CMs) as additives to mitigate the proliferation of ARGs during the AD of sewage sludge and animal manure. The review spotlights the core mechanisms underpinning the influence of CMs on the resistome profile, the steps to maximize ARG attenuation using CMs, and the current knowledge gaps. Data and information gathered indicate that CMs can profoundly reduce the abundance of ARGs in the digestate by easing selective pressure on ARGs, altering microbial community structure, and diminishing HGT.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389422024244