摘要
      由于海水养殖的快速发展，抗生素越来越多地被使用并释放到海洋环境中，导致抗生素耐药性的传播。本研究对抗生素、抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和微生物群的污染、分布和特征进行了研究。结果表明，在中国沿海环境中检测到20种抗生素，其中以红霉素-H2O、恩诺沙星和土霉素为主。在沿海海水养殖点，抗生素浓度明显高于对照点，中国南方检测到的抗生素类型比北方多。恩诺沙星、环丙沙星和磺胺嘧啶的残留具有较高的耐药性选择风险。β-内酰胺、多药和四环素抗性基因经常在海水养殖场所检测到，其丰度显著较高。在262个检测到的ARG中，10个、26个和19个分别被列为高风险、当前风险和未来风险。主要的细菌门是变形菌门和拟杆菌门，其中25属是人畜共患病原体，尤其是Arcobacter和Vibrio排在前10位。机会主义病原体在北方海水养殖场分布更为广泛。变形杆菌门和拟杆菌门的Phyla是高风险ARGs的潜在宿主，而条件病原体与未来的风险ARG有关，表明对人类健康的潜在威胁。
Abstract
Antibiotics are increasingly used and released into the marine environment due to the rapid development of mariculture, resulting in spread of antibiotic resistance. The pollution, distribution, and characteristics of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbiomes have been investigated in this study. Results showed that 20 antibiotics were detected in Chinese coastal environment, with predominance of erythromycin-H2O, enrofloxacin and oxytetracycline. In coastal mariculture sites, antibiotic concentrations were significantly higher than in control sites, and more types of antibiotics were detected in the South than in the North of China. Residues of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and sulfadiazine posed high resistance selection risks. β-Lactam, multi-drug and tetracycline resistance genes were frequently detected with significantly higher abundance in the mariculture sites. Of the 262 detected ARGs, 10, 26, and 19 were ranked as high-risk, current-risk, future-risk, respectively. The main bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, of which 25 genera were zoonotic pathogens, with Arcobacter and Vibrio in particular ranking in the top10. Opportunistic pathogens were more widely distributed in the northern mariculture sites. Phyla of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the potential hosts of high-risk ARGs, while the conditional pathogens were associated with future-risk ARGs, indicating a potential threat to human health.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389423004909