摘要
      动物源性抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的积累和繁殖对农业生态系统构成了巨大挑战。Vermicompost作为一种新型的环保有机肥料，受到了全球的关注。然而，施用蚯蚓堆肥对土壤中ARGs的影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们进行了一项全国性的大规模调查，以探讨蚯蚓堆肥应用对农田ARGs和寄主的影响及其区域差异。研究发现，施用Vermicompost可以改变ARGs的模式，减少可移动遗传元素（MGE）的转移，并减缓高风险bla ARGs在土壤中的增殖。在农田中观察到蚯蚓堆肥衍生的ARG的区域差异，在棕色和黄棕色土壤中ARG传播的风险较小。与使用动物粪便（如猪、鸡和牛粪）的农田相比，蚯蚓堆肥土壤中的总ARG丰度最低（1.24×105–3.57×107拷贝/g）。此外，施用蚯蚓堆肥增加了有益细菌的丰度，如Ilumatobacter和Gaiella，同时降低了不动杆菌和拟杆菌的丰度。网络分析表明，蚯蚓堆肥改变了ARG宿主细菌，减少了土壤中潜在的ARG宿主数量。微生物在蚯蚓堆肥处理土壤中ARG的变化中起着关键作用。我们的研究为农田生态系统中土壤ARGs和宿主对蚯蚓堆肥的反应提供了有价值的见解，也为控制动物源ARGs的繁殖提供了一条新的途径。
Abstract
The accumulation and propagation of animal-derived antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose great challenges to agricultural ecosystems. Vermicompost has drawn global attention as a new type of eco-friendly organic fertilizer. However, the effects of vermicompost application on ARGs in soil are still unclear. Here, we conducted a nationwide large-scale survey to explore the impact of vermicompost application on ARGs and the host in cropland fields as well as their regional differences. Vermicompost application was found to alter the pattern of ARGs, reduce the transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and mitigate the proliferation of high-risk bla-ARGs in soil. Regional differences in vermicompost-derived ARGs were observed in croplands, with less ARG-spreading risk in brown and yellow-brown soils. Total ARG abundance was present at the lowest level (1.24 × 105–3.57 × 107 copies/g) in vermicomposted soil compared with the croplands using animal manure (e.g., swine, chicken, and cow manure). Furthermore, vermicompost application increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Ilumatobacter and Gaiella, while reducing the abundance of Acidobacteria and Pseudarthrobacter. Network analysis showed that vermicompost altered ARG host bacteria and reduced the numbers of potential ARG hosts in soil. Microbes played a key role in ARG changes in vermicompost-treated soil. Our study provides valuable insight into the response of soil ARGs and the host to vermicompost in cropland ecosystem, and also provides a novel pathway for controlling the propagation of animal-derived ARGs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969723002735