摘要
      抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在水产养殖中广泛存在，对水产养殖生物和人类健康构成巨大威胁。在本研究中，分析了中国长江三角洲地区淡水池塘养殖产品肠道中ARGs的出现和相对丰度。在肠道样本中共发现29个ARGs，检测频率在4.8%至81%之间，相对丰度（ARGs/16S rRNA）在10−7至1之间。此外，还评估了人类通过水产养殖产品摄入的ARGs，其中通过水产养殖产物摄入的大多数ARGs的日摄入量高于通过PM2.5和饮用水摄入的，但低于通过蔬菜摄入的。MGE（IS613、Tp614、tnpA和int1）的相对丰度与多种ARGs的相对丰度显著相关，表明ARGs在肠道微生物中的水平基因转移（HGT）。变形菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门是水产养殖产品肠道中发现的主要微生物群落。此外，蓝细菌与int1之间、硝化螺旋菌与tetE之间以及sul2与aadA2之间存在显著相关性，表明这些基因可能具有相同的宿主。此外，共相关的结果表明，ARGs的HGT（由MGE主导）和ARGs在细菌中的富集。MGE，主要是int1，在增加ARG丰度方面比细菌更有效。这项研究可以更好地了解ARGs在水产养殖环境中的传播，并改善水产养殖产品的质量和生态。
ABSTRACT
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread in aquaculture and pose a huge threat to aquaculture organisms and human health. In this study, occurrences and relative abundances of ARGs were analysed in the guts of products cultured in freshwater ponds in the Yangtze River Delta region in China. A total of 29 ARGs were found in the gut samples, with detection frequencies ranging from 4.8% to 81%, and the relative abundances (ARGs/16S rRNA) ranging from 10−7 to 1. In addition, the human dietary intake of ARGs via aquaculture products was assessed, where the daily intake of most ARGs via aquaculture products was higher than those via PM2.5 and drinking water, but lower than that via vegetables. The relative abundances of MGE (IS613, Tp614, tnpA and int1) were significantly correlated with those of multiple ARGs, indicating the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs among gut microorganisms. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the dominated microbial communities found in the guts of aquaculture products. In addition, significant correlations were found between Cyanobacteria and int1, between Nitrospira and tetE, and between sul2 and aadA2, indicating potential same hosts of these genes. In addition, results from co-correlation indicated both HGT (dominated by MGEs) of ARGs and the enrichment of ARGs in bacteria. MGEs, mostly int1, were more effective than bacteria in increasing the ARG abundance. This study could provide a better understanding of the transmission of ARGs in the aquaculture environment and improve the quality of aquaculture products and the ecology.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09593330.2023.2176261