摘要
      家禽业的集约化可能导致抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在环境中的传播增加。然而，家禽加工厂排放的废水对沉积物抗性的影响相对未被探索。此外，它与重要的生物地球化学途径，如氮循环的关系，实际上是未知的。本研究的总体目标是检测受家禽业废水影响的沉积物微生物群落中抗生素耐药性和氮循环基因的丰度和多样性。我们对受影响和参考潮溪中的沉积物进行了宏基因组调查。我们还通过qPCR定量了临床1类整合素整合酶基因（intI1）的丰度，作为人为污染的二级标志物。受影响的潮汐小溪中ARG的丰度和多样性显著较高，尤其是在废水排放附近。受影响的溪流中对大环内酯类、四环素类和链菌素具有耐药性的ARG的丰度也高于参考溪流。从宏基因组中检测到的氮循环基因来看，异化硝酸盐还原为氨（DNRA）的遗传标记nrfA与ARG的总丰度具有最强的正相关关系，这可能表明由于氮滞留，受ARG影响的生态系统中富营养化的可能性增加。这项研究表明，家禽加工厂的废水排放会增加ARGs的传播，这可能会对生态系统健康产生负面影响。
Abstract
The intensification of the poultry industry may lead to the increased spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. However, the impacts of wastewater discharge from poultry processing plants on the sediment resistome are relatively unexplored. Furthermore, its relationships with important biogeochemical pathways, such as the N cycle, are virtually unknown. The overall objective of this study was to examine the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance and N cycling genes in sediment microbial communities impacted by poultry industry wastewater. We performed a metagenomic investigation of sediments in an impacted and a reference tidal creek. We also quantified the abundance of the clinical class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) through qPCR as a secondary marker of anthropogenic contamination. Abundance and diversity of ARGs were substantially higher in the impacted tidal creek, especially near the wastewater discharge. Abundances of ARGs conferring resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines, and streptogramins were also higher in the impacted creek than the reference creek. From the N cycling genes detected in the metagenomes, nrfA, the genetic marker for dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA), had the strongest positive relationship with the total abundance of ARGs, which may indicate an increased potential of eutrophication in ARG-impacted ecosystems due to nitrogen retention. This study demonstrates that wastewater discharge from a poultry processing plant can increase the spread of ARGs, which may result in negative impacts on ecosystem health.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969722065950