摘要
      污水处理厂是自然环境中微（纳米）塑料和污染物（如化学品、抗生素抗性基因和病原体）的重要来源，这些共存物质的相互作用越来越令人担忧。这项工作概述了MNPs的来源及其与污水处理厂中污染物的相互作用，并评估了被丢弃到自然环境中后的潜在风险。污水处理厂中MNP的来源主要包括个人护理产品、洗涤衣物、表面径流和大气沉积，以及污水处理厂固有的塑料设备。MNPs可以与各种污染物相互作用，包括ARGs和微生物，以及有机和无机化学物质，如持久性有机污染物抗生素和金属，主要通过π-π、疏水、静电和氢键相互作用和生物膜形成。此外，污水处理厂的条件（如pH、温度）和成分（如溶解有机物、盐度和悬浮颗粒物）可以通过改变MNPs的吸附位点和改变MNPs和污染物的性质来影响相互作用过程。一旦被排放到自然介质中，MNPs和相关污染物通过摄入对生物体产生的个体和联合毒理学影响将被诱导。关于知识差距，应更多地关注MNPs在各种来源中的贡献及其与ARGs的相互作用（尤其是亚微米至微米范围），以提高对MNPs的来源和污染以及与自然环境中污染物的综合风险的理解。
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the important source of micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) and pollutants (e.g. chemicals, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and pathogens) in natural environment, where the interaction in these co-existing substances has become an increasing concern. This work outlines the sources of MNPs and their interaction with pollutants in WWTPs, and assesses the potential risks after being discarded into natural environment. The sources of MNPs in WWTPs mainly include personal care products, washing clothes, surface runoff and atmospheric deposition as well as the inherent plastic equipment in WWTPs. MNPs can interact with various pollutants including ARGs and microorganisms, and organic and inorganic chemicals such as persistent organic pollutants antibiotics, and metals mainly through π-π, hydrophobic, electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions and biofilm formation. Additionally, the WWTP conditions (e.g. pH, temperature) and components (e.g. dissolved organic matter, salinity and suspended particulates) can affect the interaction processes by modifying the sorption sites of MNPs and changing the property of MNPs and pollutants. Once being discharged into natural media, the individual and joint toxicological impacts of MNPs and associated pollutants to organisms via ingestion would be induced. As for the knowledge gap, more attentions should be focused on the contribution in various sources of MNPs and their interaction (especially submicron- to micron-size ranges) with ARGs, to improve understanding of the sources and pollution of MNPs and the combined risk with pollutants in natural environment.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10643389.2022.2095844