摘要
      抗生素的广泛使用导致了抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）在环境中的产生和积累，而生活污水是ARGs和耐药性细菌的主要宿主之一。本研究采用Illumina高通量测序和网络分析方法，研究了中国长春市一家生活污水处理厂进水和出水中的微生物群落特征、ARGs的发生状况和抗性机制。进水和出水共发现29个门，包括23个细菌门、3个古菌门和3个真核生物门。在样本中总共检测到112种ARG亚型，主要的ARG亚类型为Erm（35）和tet（W/N/W）。在本研究中，与四环素和大环内酯类相关的ARGs占很高的比例，并且在样品中检测到ARGs的耐药性机制主要是抗生素灭活和抗生素外排泵。网络分析表明，ARGs和微生物的共现图谱表明，耐药基因kdpE、GES-5和tetX可能很容易与微生物结合，从而使其成为抗生素耐药细菌。Cupriavidus属、Escherichia属和Collinsell属中的57种细菌是多种ARG的潜在宿主。这些发现可以加深我们对ARGs分布及其与污水处理厂微生物的联系的理解，也为控制ARGs在环境中的扩散提供了研究基础。
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics has resulted in the generation and accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment, and domestic wastewater is one of the main reservoirs of ARGs and resistant bacteria. In this study, Illumina high-throughput sequencing and network analysis were used to study the microbial community characteristics, ARGs’ occurrence status, and resistance mechanism in the influent and effluent of a domestic sewage treatment plant in Changchun, China. A total of 29 phyla were found in the influent and effluent, including 23 bacterial phyla, 3 archaeal phyla, and 3 eukaryotic phyla. In total, 112 ARG subtypes were detected in the samples, and the dominant ARG subtypes were Erm(35) and tet(W/N/W). In this study, ARGs related to tetracycline and macrolide accounted for a high proportion, and the resistance mechanisms of ARGs detected in the samples were mainly antibiotic inactivation and antibiotic efflux pumps. Co-occurrence maps of ARGs and microbes demonstrated by network analysis indicated that the resistance genes kdpE, GES-5, and tetX may easily bind to microbes, potentially making them antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Fifty-seven bacteria in the genera Cupriavidus, Escherichia, and Collinsell are potential hosts of multiple ARGs. The findings can increase our understanding of the distribution of ARGs and their association with microbes in wastewater treatment plants, and also provide a research foundation for controlling the diffusion of ARGs in the environment.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/8/1587