摘要
      水产养殖是水产品与公众健康之间的重要联系，但人们严重低估了水产养殖中潜在危险因素的影响。在本研究中，基于16S rRNA基因，在水产养殖池塘环境中共鉴定出15种潜在致病菌（PPB）和39种抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）。此外，还研究了89个抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）亚型与8个可移动遗传元件（MGE）和9个环境因素的组合。在不同的培养阶段，蓝藻和变形菌是优势菌门。从幼年到收获培养阶段，PPB和ARB的总丰度呈增加趋势，表明它们在水产养殖池塘中受到广泛干扰。此外，intI-1在MGE中表现出最高的丰度，而sul1在ARG亚型中具有最高的丰度。OLS回归分析显示MGE和ARGs的丰度之间存在显著的正相关。RDA表明，温度、透明度和叶绿素a与不同的细菌门表现出显著的相关性，MGE（intI-1）和ARGs（ereA和sul1）之间的正相关性突出了它们通过相关细菌群落（如变形杆菌）的水平迁移。共现模式表明，MGE（intI-1和IS613）和伪分枝杆菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、分枝杆菌属（Mycobacterum）、莫拉菌属（Moraxella）、伪交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas）、埃肯菌属（Eikenella），普罗维登西亚属（Providencia）和变形菌属（Proteus）可能在鲶鱼养殖过程中ARGs的分布中发挥主导作用。我们的研究结果为PPB的合理调节以及水产养殖中ARB和ARGs相关的生态和健康风险的预防提供了系统的理解。
Abstract
Aquaculture is a vital link between aquatic products and public health, but the effects of potentially hazardous factors in aquaculture have been grossly underestimated. In this study, a total of 15 potentially pathogenic bacteria (PPB) and 39 antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) were identified in the aquaculture pond environment based on 16S rRNA genes. And, 89 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) subtypes combined with eight mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and nine environmental factors were also investigated. Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria were observed as the dominant phyla at different culture stages. The total abundances of PPB and ARB showed an increasing trends from juvenile to harvesting culture stage, revealing that they are widely disturbed in aquaculture ponds. Further, intI-1 exhibited the highest abundance among MGEs and sul1 had the highest abundance among ARG subtypes. The OLS regression analysis showed significant positive correlations among abundances of MGEs and ARGs. The RDA demonstrated that the temperature, transparency and Chlorophyll a exhibited significant correlations with different bacterial phylum, and the positive correlation between MGEs (intI-1) and ARGs (ereA and sul1) highlighted their horizontal migration via associated bacterial communities (e.g. Proteobacteria). The co-occurrence patterns indicated that the MGEs (intI-1 and IS613) and the genus Pseudoramibacter, Citrobacter, Mycobacterium, Moraxella, Pseudoalteromonas, Eikenella, Providencia, and Proteus may play a leading role in the distribution of ARGs during the cultivation of channel catfish. Our results provide a systematic understanding of the rational regulation of PPB, as well as the prevention of ecological and health risks associated with ARB and ARGs in aquaculture.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044848622008432