摘要
      畜牧业废弃物中的抗生素残留已成为人们严重关注的问题。在本研究中，对受污染的鸡粪堆肥进行了研究，以揭示其对四环素类药物残留和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的生物强化作用。生物强化堆肥在7天内去除了大部分抗生素。在生物强化作用下，四环素和土霉素的去除率分别为96.88%和92.31%，分别比对照组高6.32%和20.93%（P<0.05）。高温期是消除抗生素最有效的阶段。该处理显示出较长的高温期（7天），而对照中没有高温期。堆肥后，处理的TN（26.51 g/kg）和NO3−-N（2.45 g/kg）比对照（分别为23.28和2.16 g/kg）高13.87%，但C/N低12.72%，表明分解快，养分损失少。来自生物强化的外源微生物显著重塑了微生物群落结构，促进了Truepera和Fermentimonas等属的富集，其丰度分别比对照增加了71.10%和75.37%。值得注意的是，与对照相比，包括tetC、tetG和tetW在内的ARGs增强了198.77%、846.77%和62.63%，而整合素基因（intl1）增强了700.26%，表明ARGs的水平基因转移。最终，生物强化在调节微生物代谢、缓解抗生素压力和消除堆肥中的抗生素方面是有效的。然而，应进一步研究去除ARG的能力。应进一步考虑采用这种方法来处理受污染物影响的有机废物，以消除对环境的担忧。
Abstract
Antibiotic residue in husbandry waste has become a serious concern. In this study, contaminated chicken manure composting was conducted to reveal the bioaugmentation effect on tetracyclines residue and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs). The bioaugmented composting removed most of the antibiotics in 7 days. Under bioaugmentation, 96.88 % of tetracycline and 92.31 % of oxytetracycline were removed, 6.32 % and 20.93 % higher than the control (P < 0.05). The high-temperature period was the most effective phase for eliminating antibiotics. The treatment showed a long high-temperature period (7 days), while no high-temperature period was in control. After composting, the treatment showed 13.87 % higher TN (26.51 g/kg) and 13.42 % higher NO3−-N (2.45 g/kg) than control (23.28 and 2.16 g/kg, respectively) but 12.72 % lower C/N, indicating fast decomposition and less nutrient loss. Exogenous microorganisms from bioaugmentation significantly reshaped the microbial community structure and facilitated the enrichment of genera such as Truepera and Fermentimonas, whose abundance increased by 71.10 % and 75.37 % than the control, respectively. Remarkably, ARGs, including tetC, tetG, and tetW, were enhanced by 198.77 %, 846.77 %, and 62.63 % compared with the control, while the integron gene (intl1) was elevated by 700.26 %, indicating horizontal gene transfer of ARGs. Eventually, bioaugmentation was efficient in regulating microbial metabolism, relieving antibiotic stress, and eliminating antibiotics in composting. However, the ability to remove ARGs should be further investigated. Such an approach should be further considered for treating pollutants-influenced organic waste to eliminate environmental concerns.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969723000724