摘要
     源自粪肥施用的抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）增加了土壤细菌群落的抗生素抗性。我们之前的工作表明，堆肥后ARB和ARGs的丰度明显降低，施肥后它们在土壤中的命运仍需进一步研究。土壤类型被认为在ARB和ARGs中发挥作用，因此确定它们对抗生素耐药性的发生和发展的影响很重要。与黑土和潮土相比，在红壤中施用粪肥和金霉素粪肥后，金霉素抗性细菌（CRB）的绝对丰度分别显著增加到1.97×106和2.75×106CFU/g（p<0.05），从而诱导了土壤本土微生物（链霉菌和红球菌）的抗生素耐药性。施用粪肥在红壤中的致病性传播风险高于其他土壤。此外，在施用金霉素粪肥的红壤中，多药耐药基因的相对丰度增加最多（1.07-1.41倍）。进一步的分析表明，在金霉素处理中，潜在ARGs宿主细菌的范围更大。基于结构方程模型分析，土壤微生物群落直接影响ARGs，土壤性质通过影响微生物群落间接影响ARGs。总体而言，在施用粪肥时应考虑土壤类型和性质，以有效控制抗生素耐药性风险。
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that originated in manure application increased antibiotic resistance in soil bacterial communities. Our previous work showed that the abundance of ARB and ARGs obviously reduced after composting, and further investigation was still required about their fate in soil after manure application. Soil types were suggested to play a role in ARB and ARGs and thus it was important to identify their influence on the occurrence and development of antibiotic resistance. Compared with black soil and fluvo-aquic soil, the absolute abundance of chlortetracycline-resistant bacteria (CRB) significantly increased to 1.97 × 106, 2.75 × 106 CFU/g after manure and chlortetracycline-manure application in red soil, respectively (p < 0.05), which then induced antibiotic resistance of soil indigenous microbes (Streptomyces and Rhodococcus). Manure application had a higher risk of pathogenic transmission in red soil than that in the other soils. In addition, the relative abundance of multidrug resistance genes increased the most in red soil (1.07-1.41 times) with chlortetracycline-manure treatment. Further analysis indicated that the range of potential ARGs host bacteria was larger in treatments with chlortetracycline. Based on structural equation model analysis, soil microbial community directly influenced ARGs, and soil properties indirectly affected ARGs by influencing the microbial community. Overall, soil types and properties should be considered in manure application in order to control antibiotic resistance risk effectively.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772416622001656