摘要
      在本研究中，对四个西班牙污水处理厂（WWTP）的进水和出水中指示抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的出现进行了为期12个月的监测，并获得了89株回收的产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌对多种抗菌药物的敏感性谱。这项研究的目的是更好地了解目前的废水处理实践是否允许我们获得安全的再生水，以减缓ARB和ARGs向环境的传播。结果显示，在进水样本中，ESBL产生大肠杆菌的浓度很高，一系列ARGs的流行率也很高。尽管污水处理厂之间存在显著差异，但污水处理厂中实施的回收处理在减少ESBL大肠杆菌和ARGs的发生方面是有效的。尽管在废水处理过程中观察到ARGs的发生率有所下降，但我们的研究结果表明，污水处理厂的废水可能是ARGs重要的来源，ARGs可以在环境细菌之间转移，并通过食物链传播抗微生物耐药性。值得注意的是，从进水和出水中分离的ESBL大肠杆菌的易感性谱没有观察到重大差异，这表明水处理不会导致新的抗性表型的出现。
Abstract
In the present study, the occurrence of indicator antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) both in the influent and the effluent of four Spanish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was monitored for 12 months, and the susceptibility profiles of 89 recovered extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates were obtained against a wide range of antimicrobials. The aim of the study was to better understand whether the current wastewater treatment practices allow us to obtain safe reclaimed water mitigating the spread of ARB and ARGs to the environment. Results showed high concentrations of ESBL-producing E. coli as well as a high prevalence of a range of ARGs in the influent samples. The reclamation treatments implemented in the WWTPs were effective in reducing both the occurrence of ESBL E. coli and ARGs, although significant differences were observed among WWTPs. Despite these reductions in occurrence observed upon wastewater treatment, our findings suggest that WWTP effluents may represent an important source of ARGs, which could be transferred among environmental bacteria and disseminate antimicrobial resistance through the food chain. Remarkably, no major differences were observed in the susceptibility profiles of the ESBL E. coli isolated from influent and effluent waters, indicating that water treatments do not give rise to the emergence of new resistance phenotypes.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/2/400