摘要
      由于潜水水位高的煤矿地下水埋藏浅，在矿井坍塌后形成了大面积的沉降湖。农业和渔业开垦已经开展了一些活动，引入了抗生素，加剧了抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）的污染，但这一点受到的关注有限。本研究分析了再生矿区ARG的发生、主要影响因素及其潜在机制。结果表明，硫是影响再生土壤中ARGs丰度的最关键因素，这是由于微生物群落的变化。再生土壤中ARGs的种类和丰度高于对照土壤。大多数ARG的相对丰度随着开垦土壤的深度（从0到80厘米）而增加。此外，再生土壤和对照土壤的微生物结构存在显著差异。变形杆菌是再生土壤中最主要的微生物门。这种差异可能与再生土壤中硫代谢功能基因的高丰度有关。相关性分析表明，两种土壤类型中ARGs和微生物的差异与硫含量高度相关。高水平的硫促进了再生土壤中硫代谢微生物种群的增殖，如变形杆菌和Gemmatimonadetes。值得注意的是，这些微生物门是本研究中主要的抗生素耐药性细菌，它们的增殖为ARGs的富集创造了条件。总的来说，这项研究强调了再生土壤中高水平硫驱动的ARGs丰度和传播的风险，并揭示了其机制。
ABSTRACT
Due to the shallow burial of groundwater in coal mines with a high phreatic water level, a large area of subsidence lakes is formed after the mine collapses. Agricultural and fishery reclamation activities have been carried out, which introduced antibiotics and exacerbated the contamination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but this has received limited attention. This study analyzed ARG occurrence in reclaimed mining areas, the key impact factors, and the underlying mechanism. The results show that sulfur is the most critical factor impacting the abundance of ARGs in reclaimed soil, which is due to changes in the microbial community. The species and abundance of ARGs in the reclaimed soil were higher than those in the controlled soil. The relative abundances of most ARGs increased with the depth of reclaimed soil (from 0 to 80 cm). In addition, the microbial structures of the reclaimed and controlled soils were significantly different. Proteobacteria, was the most dominant microbial phylum in the reclaimed soil. This difference is likely related to the high abundance of sulfur metabolism functional genes in the reclaimed soil. Correlation analysis showed that the differences in ARGs and microorganisms in the two soil types were highly correlated with the sulfur content. High levels of sulfur promoted the proliferation of sulfur-metabolizing microbial populations such as Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes in the reclaimed soils. Remarkably, these microbial phyla were the main antibiotic-resistant bacteria in this study, and their proliferation created conditions for the enrichment of ARGs. Overall, this study underscores the risk of the abundance and spread of ARGs driven by high-level sulfur in reclaimed soils and reveals the mechanisms. 

https://www.cell.com/heliyon/pdf/S2405-8440(23)01571-2.pdf