摘要
      使用来自儿科环境的肠炎沙门氏菌亚种伤寒血清型（S.Typhi）和肠炎沙门氏杆菌亚种副伤寒血清型A（S.Paratyphi A）的全基因组序列来评估新出现的抗微生物耐药性（AMR）。检索了20个伤寒沙门氏菌和副伤寒沙门氏菌A的儿科临床分离株的高通量序列，并对其进行了流行抗微生物耐药性基因（ARGs）和病毒因子（VF）的筛选。将抗性数据与伤寒杆菌和副伤寒杆菌的参考菌株进行比较。AMR研究确定sul1、sul2、dfrA7、tem-1、AH（6）-Id和APH（3〃）-Ib为常见的ARG。对VFs进行鉴定以了解其致病性水平。测序基因组中最普遍的AMR基因是在表型为阿奇霉素抗性的伤寒沙门氏菌中检测到的。与全球基因组的相关性预测了对大环内酯类、β内酰胺类、氟喹诺酮类、四环素类、安沙霉素类和氨基糖苷类同时耐药的趋势。观察到磺酰胺耐药性的痕迹，表明出现了目前不流行的伤寒沙门氏菌耐药性，这可能是未来的威胁。因此，应制定新的抗生素方案来治疗对阿奇霉素耐药的伤寒沙门氏菌，避免加重磺酰胺耐药性的风险。从儿科分离株的基因组中鉴定出的ARGs将有助于未来的研究，以设计针对伤寒和副伤寒的抗菌化合物。
Abstract
Whole genome sequences of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A) from pediatric settings were used to assess the emerging Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). The high throughput sequences of twenty pediatric clinical isolates of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A were retrieved and were screened for prevalent Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (ARGs) and Virulent Factors (VF). The resistance data was compared with the reference strains of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. AMR studies identified sul1, sul2, dfrA7, tem-1, AH(6)-Id and APH(3″)-Ib as common ARGs. VFs were identified to understand the level of pathogenicity. The most prevalent AMR genes in the sequenced genomes were detected in phenotypically azithromycin-resistant S. Typhi. Correlation with the global genomes projected a trend of concurrent resistance to macrolides, β lactams, fluoroquinolones (FQs), tetracyclines, ansamycins, and aminoglycosides. Traces of sulphonamide-resistance were observed indicating the emergence of a currently non-prevalent S. Typhi resistance that could be a future threat. Hence new antibiotic regimen to treat azithromycin-resistant S. Typhi should be formulated by avoiding the risks of aggravating sulphonamide resistance. The identified ARGs in genomes from paediatric isolates will aid future studies to design anti-bacterial compounds against S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378111922008150