摘要
      肠炎沙门氏菌是人类和动物中最常见的细菌病原体之一。欧美国家对耐药沙门氏菌和优势血清型的趋势和地理分布进行了系统研究，而中国则没有。在这里，采用“一个健康”策略，我们使用了超过35000个肠炎沙门氏菌分离株来探索中国优势血清型的时间和空间动态。我们发现鼠伤寒沙门氏菌是中国引起人类感染的主要血清型，这与澳大利亚一致，但与北美和欧洲国家不一致。2006年至2019年期间，鼠伤寒沙门氏菌血清型、伦敦、里森、科瓦利斯、梅利格里迪斯、肯塔基和黄金海岸的比例呈上升趋势。我们随机选择了1962个分离株进行比较基因组学和抗微生物耐药性研究，发现在14年的时间里，每个分离株的抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）数量分别增加了人类和非人类来源的1.84倍和2.69倍。在2006-2019年期间，抗微生物沙门氏菌分离株的比例呈上升趋势，尤其是对β-内酰胺、喹诺酮、四环素和利福平的耐药性。此外，我们发现鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的序列类型（ST）多样性高于其他血清型，即来自猪的ST34和来自鸡的ST19，主要与分别导致儿童和成人胃感染的分离株有关。我们的研究结果填补了中国肠炎沙门氏菌优势血清型和耐药性趋势的数据空白。这些数据为优先考虑食源性疾病和食品安全干预措施的公共卫生决策者提供了有用的信息。
ABSTRACT
Salmonella enterica is one of the most common bacterial pathogens in humans and animals. Systematic studies on the trends and geographical distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella and dominant serovars have been well studied in European and American countries while not in China. Here, taking the One-Health strategy, we used >35 000 Salmonella enterica isolates to explore the temporal and spatial dynamics of dominant serovars in China. We found that Salmonella Typhimurium was the dominant serovar causing human infection in China, which was consistent with Australia but inconsistent with North American and European countries. The proportion of Salmonella serovars Typhimurium, London, Rissen, Corvallis, Meleagridis, Kentucky, and Goldcoast showed an increasing trend during 2006–2019. We randomly selected 1962 isolates for comparative genomics and antimicrobial resistance studies and found that the number of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) per isolate increased 1.84 and 2.69 times of human and non-human origins, respectively, spanning 14 years. The proportion of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella isolates had an increasing trend during 2006–2019, especially beta-lactam, quinolone, tetracycline, and rifampicin resistance. Moreover, we found that higher diversity of sequence types (STs) in S. Typhimurium than in other serovars, ST34 from pig and ST19 from chicken origin, were mainly associated with isolates causing child and adult gastro-infection, respectively. Our results fill in the data gap on the trends of dominant serovars and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica in China. These data provide useful information for public health decision-makers prioritizing interventions for foodborne diseases and food safety.

https://academic.oup.com/nsr/article/10/3/nwac269/6852955?login=false