摘要
      具有抗生素耐药性的病原微生物可以在城市固体废物中作为营养物质茁壮成长，并在废物处理过程中被雾化并运输到附近地区。然而，致病性生物气溶胶的特征及其暴露风险的评估尚不明确。本文评估了典型垃圾填埋场不同区域空气中微生物的粒径、浓度、活性、抗生素耐药性和致病性。结果表明，顺风方向的活动区生物气溶胶水平最高（1234CFU/m3），而居民区的生物气溶胶水平则最高（14.82 mg/L）。喷雾炮的植物除臭剂可以有效去除生物气溶胶。大多数生物气溶胶可以被吸入呼吸系统直到支气管，大小在2.1−3.3和3.3−4.7µm之间。致病菌（芽孢杆菌、芽孢杆菌和副伯克霍尔德菌）和致敏真菌（曲霉菌、枝孢菌和弯孢菌）在垃圾填埋场占主导地位。尽管检测到大量产生生物气溶胶的微生物挥发性有机化合物（mVOCs），但这些mVOCs对垃圾填埋场的气味问题几乎没有贡献。值得注意的是，周边地区的抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）水平高于内部垃圾填埋场，其中tetC、acrB、acrF、mdtF和bacA占主导地位。大多数ARGs与细菌群落显著相关，而环境参数主要影响真菌的流行。这些发现有助于减少和预防与废物管理相关的职业环境中的呼吸道过敏或感染风险。
Abstract
Pathogenic microbes with antibiotic resistance can thrive on municipal solid waste as nutrients and be aerosolized and transported to vicinities during waste disposal processes. However, the characterization of pathogenic bioaerosols and assessment of their exposure risks are lacking. Herein, particle size, concentration, activity, antibiotic resistance, and pathogenicity of airborne microorganisms were assessed in different sectors of a typical landfill. Results showed that active sector in downwind direction has the highest bioaerosol level (1234 CFU/m3), while residential area has the highest activity (14.82 mg/L). Botanical deodorizer from mist cannon can effectively remove bioaerosol. Most bioaerosols can be inhaled into respiratory system till bronchi with sizes ranging from 2.1−3.3 and 3.3−4.7 µm. Pathogenic bacteria (Bacilli, Bacillus, and Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia) and allergenic fungi (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Curvularia) prevailed in landfill. Although high abundance of microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) producing bioaerosols were detected, these mVOCs contributed little to odor issues in landfill. Notably, surrounding areas have higher levels of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) than inner landfill with tetC, acrB, acrF, mdtF, and bacA as dominant ones. Most ARGs were significantly correlated with bacterial community, while environmental parameters mainly influenced fungal prevalence. These findings can assist in reducing and preventing respiratory allergy or infection risks in occupational environments relating to waste management.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1001074222004855