摘要
      施用牲畜粪便改良剂的农田已成为抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）传播的热门话题。农田积水将稻田与水库、河流和湖泊等周围水体连接起来。然而，在理解粪肥携带的ARGs是否以及如何从水稻土转移到农田积水中方面存在知识差距。我们的研究表明，粪肥来源的ARGs aadA1、bla1、catA1、cmlA1-01、cmx（A）、ermB、mepA和tetPB-01可以很容易地从水稻土中转移到田间积水中。Crenarchaeota、Verrucomirobia、Cyanobacteria、Choloroflexi、Acidobacteria、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门是ARGs的潜在宿主。在稻田土壤和田间积水中检测到的机会性病原体与ARGs表现出强烈的相关性。网络共现分析表明，移动遗传元素（MGE）与ARGs有很强的相关性。我们的研究结果强调，稻田中粪肥携带的ARGs和抗生素抗性细菌可以通过田间积水方便地传播到周围水体，对公众健康构成威胁。这项研究为全面评估ARGs在水稻生态系统中造成的风险提供了一个新的视角。
Abstract
Farmlands fertilized with livestock manure-derived amendments have become a hot topic in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Field ponding water connects rice paddies with surrounding water bodies, such as reservoirs, rivers, and lakes. However, there is a knowledge gap in understanding whether and how manure-borne ARGs can be transferred from paddy soil into field ponding water. Our studies suggest that the manure-derived ARGs aadA1, bla1, catA1, cmlA1-01, cmx(A), ermB, mepA and tetPB-01 can easily be transferred into field ponding water from paddy soil. The bacterial phyla Crenarchaeota, Verrucomicrobia, Cyanobacteria, Choloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria are potential hosts of ARGs. Opportunistic pathogens detected in both paddy soil and field ponding water showed robust correlations with ARGs. Network co-occurrence analysis showed that mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were strongly correlated with ARGs. Our findings highlight that manure-borne ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in paddy fields can conveniently disseminate to the surrounding waterbodies through field ponding water, posing a threat to public health. This study provides a new perspective for comprehensively assessing the risk posed by ARGs in paddy ecosystems.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10065064/