摘要
      抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）作为一组新兴的“污染物”受到高度关注。边缘海中ARGs和假定的人类致病菌（HPB）的特征对于了解ARGs的起源和海洋致病菌带来的潜在健康风险至关重要。使用基于高通量测序的宏基因组方法在中国边缘海域的沉积物中发现了多种ARGs，其中多药是主要的耐药类型。其中，南海沉积物中的ARG总丰度约为渤海和黄海沉积物中的2倍。与中国边缘海相比，珠江口（PRE）沉积物中的ARGs更丰富，并且与磺酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类、四环素类等人为抗生素密切相关。在中国边缘海沉积物中几乎没有检测到可能由质粒携带的ARGs，但可能占PRE沉积物中总ARG的约20%。中国边缘海沉积物中普遍存在的假定HPB为肺炎链球菌（24.4%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（19.9%）、无乳链球菌（9.2%）、铜绿假单胞菌（6.9%）等。PRE沉积物中假定HPB的群落组成与中国边缘海中假定HPB的群落组成显著不同，其特征是副溶血性弧菌和空肠弯曲杆菌的比例相对较高。我们的研究结果表明，中国边缘海沉积物中存在多种ARG和假定的HPB，人为影响可能会增加其污染水平。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are highly concerned as a group of emerging “contaminants”. Characterization of ARGs and putative human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) in the marginal sea is essential for understanding the origin of ARGs and the potential health risks posed by oceanic pathogenic bacteria. Multiple ARGs were found in the sediments of Chinese marginal seas using high-throughput sequencing-based metagenomic approaches, with multidrug being the predominant resistance type. Herein, total ARG abundance in the sediments of South China Sea were approximately 2 times higher than those in the sediments collected from the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. Compared to Chinese marginal seas, ARGs in the sediments of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) are more abundant and closely associated with anthropogenic antibiotics such as sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, tetracyclines, etc. ARGs possibly carried by plasmids were hardly detected in the sediments of Chinese marginal seas, but could account for approximately 20% of the total ARGs in the PRE sediments. The prevalent putative HPB in the sediments of Chinese marginal seas were Streptococcus pneumoniae (24.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.9%), Streptococcus agalactiae (9.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.9%), etc. The community composition of putative HPB in the PRE sediments was substantially different from those in the Chinese marginal seas, which were featured with the relatively higher ratios of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Campylobacter jejuni. Our results suggest that diverse ARGs and putative HPB occur in the sediments of Chinese marginal seas, and anthropogenic impacts may increase their pollution levels.

http://hjhx.rcees.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2022101404