摘要
      土壤重金属污染和抗性基因的流行一直是全球关注的问题，因此许多研究报道了土壤中重金属含量和抗性基因；然而，高原地区土壤中重金属和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的含量仍不清楚。本研究分析了青海省土壤中重金属和抗性基因的环境残留和分布，探讨了土壤中重金属浓度与抗生素抗性基因的关系。在土壤样品中，重金属锌含量最高[平均值：（50.27±19.88）mg·kg-1]，其次是重金属镉含量[平均值（30.27±9.45）mg·kg-1]，重金属汞含量最低[平均值为：（0.027±0.019）mg·kg-1]。土壤中重金属抗性基因的亚型主要为czcA、merA和merP，其主要功能是形成对汞的抗性。β-内酰胺酶抗性基因在土壤中的相对丰度最高（0.1505），占ARGs总丰度的47.54%；四环素抗性基因占ARGs总丰度的16.93%，FCA约占14.56%，MLSB约占8.77%。可移动遗传元件（MGEs）的多样性和相对丰度较低，仅检测到[STBX]tnpA01[STBZ]基因；未检测到intl[STBX]1[STBZ]和intl[SDBX]2[STBZ]。相关研究表明，土壤中Cu含量（r=-0.533，P=0.006）和Hg含量（r=0.692，P=0.003）与海拔高度呈显著负相关，而其他重金属与海拔高度无显著相关。此外，重金属含量与土壤类型显著相关（P<0.05）。土壤中重金属汞含量与czcA（r=0.692，P=0.006）、merA（r=0.816，P=0.007）呈显著正相关，本研究结果阐明了青藏高原地区重金属和ARGs的发生和分布，发现土壤中重金属含量与抗性基因显著相关。
Abstract 
Soil heavy metal pollution and the prevalence of resistance genes have been a global concern, and thus many studies have reported the content of heavy metals and resistance genes in soils; however, the contents of heavy metals and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil in highland areas is still unclear. In this study, the environmental residues and distribution of heavy metals and resistance genes in the soil in Qinghai were analyzed, and the relationship between the concentration of heavy metals and antibiotic resistance genes in the soil was explored. Among the soil samples, the content of heavy metal zinc was the highest ［mean: (50.27±19.88) mg·kg-1］, followed by the content of heavy metal cadmium ［mean: (30.27±9.45) mg·kg-1］, and the content of heavy metal mercury was the lowest ［mean: (0.027±0.019) mg·kg-1］. The subtypes of heavy metal resistance genes in soils were mainly czcA, merA, and merP, whose main function was to be responsible for developing mercury resistance. The relative abundance of β-lactamase resistance genes (0.1505) was the highest in soil, accounting for 47.54% of the total abundance of ARGs; tetracycline resistance genes accounted for 16.93% of the total abundance of ARGs, FCA accounted for approximately 14.56%, and MLSB accounted for approximately 8.77%. The diversity and relative abundance of movable genetic elements (MGEs) were low, and only the [STBX]tnpA01[STBZ] gene was detected; intl[STBX]1[STBZ] and intl[STBX]2[STBZ] were not detected. Correlation studies showed that Cu content (r=-0.533, P=0.006) and Hg (r=0.692, P=0.006) in soil were significantly negatively correlated with altitude, whereas other heavy metals were not significantly correlated with altitude. In addition, heavy metal content was significantly correlated with soil type (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between heavy metal mercury content in soils and czcA (r=0.692, P=0.006), merA (r=0.816, P=0.007), and merP (r=0.594, P=0.02). The results of this study elucidated the occurrence and distribution of heavy metals and ARGs in the Tibetan Plateau region and found that the content of heavy metals in the soil was significantly related to resistance genes.

https://europepmc.org/article/med/36635821