摘要
      人类肠道微生物组是抗微生物耐药性基因（ARGs）的重要库，统称为“耐药性组”。到目前为止，很少有研究检测健康人肠道抵抗的动力学。此前，作者观察到ARG的高获取率和国际旅行期间的显著丰度变化。为了深入了解常见的动力学，本研究调查了非旅行健康志愿者抵抗体中普遍存在的ARGs（cfxA、tetM和ermB）的纵向波动。此外，本研究评估了一段时间内可获得ARGs（blaCTX-M、qnrB、qnrS、vanA和vanB）的患病率。在基线时以及2周和4周后采集23名参与者的粪便样本。分离DNA，并通过定量聚合酶链式反应对细菌16S rDNA的总量进行调整来进行ARG定量。在任何样本中均未检测到vanA和qnrS，而非肠球菌来源的vanB和qnrB的患病率分别为73.9%和5.7%。在17.4%的健康参与者中检测到编码blaCTX-M的ß-内酰胺酶。这一结果与之前122名旅行者的数据进行了比较。在4周的随访中，在旅行者中观察到的ARG获取在非旅行个体中是罕见的，这支持了国际旅行中ARG获取的假设。然而，100%的cfxA、tetM和ermB的丰度变化中值为-1.04至1.04倍，与旅行者的丰度变化没有差异。因此，发现肠道抵抗体的普遍ARGs的常见丰度变化与旅行行为无关。
ABSTRACT
The human gut microbiome is an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), collectively termed the ‘resistome’. To date, few studies have examined the dynamics of the human gut resistome in healthy individuals. Previously, the authors observed high rates of ARG acquisition and significant abundance shifts during international travel. In order to provide insight into commonly occurring dynamics, this study investigated longitudinal fluctuations in prevalent ARGs (cfxA, tetM and ermB) in the resistomes of non-travelling healthy volunteers. In addition, this study assessed the prevalence of acquirable ARGs (blaCTX-M, qnrB, qnrS, vanA and vanB) over time. Faecal samples from 23 participants were collected at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks. DNA was isolated, and ARG quantification was performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction adjusting for the total amount of bacterial 16S rDNA. vanA and qnrS were not detected in any of the samples, while the prevalence rates of vanB of non-enterococcal origin and qnrB were 73.9% and 5.7%, respectively. The ß-lactamase encoding blaCTX-M was detected in 17.4% of healthy participants. The results were compared with previous data from 122 travellers. ARG acquisitions observed in travellers were rare in non-travelling individuals during 4 weeks of follow-up, supporting the hypothesis of ARG acquisition during international travel. However, median -1.04- to 1.04-fold abundance changes were observed for 100% of cfxA, tetM and ermB, which did not differ from those found in travellers. Thus, common abundance shifts in prevalent ARGs of the gut resistome were found to occur independent of travel behaviour.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924857923000080