摘要
      抗生素耐药性在人类活动的许多领域都是一个问题。细菌群落中抗生素抗性基因的动员使研究和控制这一现象变得困难。众所周知，某些插入序列是可移动的遗传元件，可以参与抗生素抗性基因的动员和这些基因的表达。然而，插入序列对抗生素抗性基因流动性的贡献程度仍然研究不足。在这项研究中，使用两个公共数据集调查了微生物组中存在的插入序列和抗生素耐药性基因之间的关系。第一个使得在对照小鼠模型中分析不同抗生素的效果成为可能。第二个数据集来自对传统饲养牛和有机饲养牛之间差异的研究。尽管在两个数据集中都有可能发现插入序列和抗生素抗性基因之间具有统计学意义的相关性，但要更好地理解插入序列对抗生素抗性基因运动的贡献，仍然存在一些挑战。通过长读测序技术获得更完整、片段更少的宏基因组，可以更精确地了解微生物组内有利于水平转移的机制。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an issue in many areas of human activity. The mobilization of antibiotic resistance genes within the bacterial community makes it difficult to study and control the phenomenon. It is known that certain insertion sequences, which are mobile genetic elements, can participate in the mobilization of antibiotic resistance genes and in the expression of these genes. However, the magnitude of the contribution of insertion sequences to the mobility of antibiotic resistance genes remains understudied. In this study, the relationships between insertion sequences and antibiotic resistance genes present in the microbiome were investigated using two public datasets. The first made it possible to analyze the effects of different antibiotics in a controlled mouse model. The second dataset came from a study of the differences between conventional and organic-raised cattle. Although it was possible to find statistically significant correlations between the insertion sequences and antibiotic resistance genes in both datasets, several challenges remain to better understand the contribution of insertion sequences to the motility of antibiotic resistance genes. Obtaining more complete and less fragmented metagenomes with long-read sequencing technologies could make it possible to understand the mechanisms favoring horizontal transfers within the microbiome with greater precision.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/1/175