摘要
      重金属、抗生素耐药性细菌（ARB）和抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）从医院废水中共存，并扩散到河流接收系统，并评估相关风险，这些都是科学感兴趣的主题，在热带条件下的发展中国家仍在研究中。为了理解ARGs的选择器，我们检测了重金属（Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Cd、Pb和Zn）的存在，在刚果民主共和国（DRC）接受城市和医院污水的两条次城市河流的水和沉积物中的相关ARB（β-内酰胺耐药大肠杆菌、β-内胺耐药肠杆菌科和碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌科）和ARGs（blaOXA、blaCTX-M、blaIMP、blaTEM）。在所有沉积物样品中都观察到高丰度的ARB和ARGs。所有金属含量均与晶粒尺寸呈负相关（− 0.94 ≤ r ≤  − 0.54，p < 0.05），与有机物含量和16s rRNA总拷贝数呈正相关（0.42 ≤ r ≤ 0.79，第页 < 0.05），但Ni和Zn除外。除镍和镉外，金属与粪便指标肠球菌呈显著正相关（0.43 ≤ r ≤ 0.67，p < 碳青霉烯类耐药肠杆菌科与锌呈负相关（r =  − 0.44，p < 0.05），与所有其他有毒金属呈正相关（0.58 ≤ r ≤ 1.0，p < 0.05）。这些结果表明，一些金属对沉积物中ARB和ARGs的持久性有很大影响。总体而言，本研究强烈建议对城市废水进行管理，以保护用于人类和农业目的的水资源。此外，我们建议在调查城市污水污染时使用生物指示剂（粪便指示剂细菌、ARB、ARGs）。
Abstract
The co-occurrence of heavy metals, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) from hospital effluents spreading into the river receiving systems and evaluating associated risks are topics of scientific interest and still under-studied in developing countries under tropical conditions. To understand the selectors of the ARGs, we examined the occurrence of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn), associated ARB (β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli, β-lactam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae) and ARGs (blaOXA, blaCTX-M, blaIMP, blaTEM) in water and sediments from two sub-urban rivers receiving urban and hospital effluent waters in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). High abundances of ARB and ARGs were observed in all sediment samples. All the metal contents correlated negatively with grain size (− 0.94 ≤ r ≤  − 0.54, p < 0.05) except for Ni and positively with organic matter content and total copies of 16 s rRNA (0.42 ≤ r ≤ 0.79, p < 0.05), except for Ni and Zn. The metals had a significant positive correlation with the faecal indicator Enterococcus except for Ni and Cd (0.43 ≤ r ≤ 0.67, p < 0.05). Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae correlated negatively with Zn (r =  − 0.44, p < 0.05) and positively with all the rest of toxic metals (0.58 ≤ r ≤ 1.0, p < 0.05). These results suggested that some metals had a great influence on the persistence of ARB and ARGs in sediments. Overall, this study strongly recommends the managing urban wastewater to preserve water resources used for human and agricultural purposes. Additionally, we recommend the utilizing biological indicators (faecal indicator bacteria, ARB, ARGs) when investigating urban wastewater pollutions.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-021-17115-z