摘要
      抗生素耐药性是人类和动物健康的一个新风险，降低风险需要更好地了解各种风险来源，并确定每个来源的威胁程度。目前，许多抗生素被用于治疗动物和人类感染的病原体，并且被认为病原体获得的抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）可能与环境有关。由于周围水道受到污染，ARGs可能会影响有机农业和非有机农业。虽然由于缺乏对剂量反应的了解，很难确定ARGs造成的健康风险，但人类排泄物和动物粪便中存在ARGs，以及随后将这些有机废物用作肥料，有可能在环境中传播ARGs。需要更多的研究来了解ARGs的存在、生长和通过动物粪便（如奶牛粪便）的运输。在这篇综述中，我们重点综合了有关牛粪中ARGs的发生、潜在的运输途径以及导致ARGs在环境中传播的因素的信息。此外，我们还探索了可能有助于去除奶牛粪便中ARG并有助于缓解ARG污染的潜在处理方法。
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an emerging risk for human and animal health, and mitigating the risk requires an improved understanding of various sources of risks and identifying the level of threats for each source. Many antibiotics are currently used against pathogens for treating infections in animals and humans, and it is considered that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) acquired by pathogens may have an environmental origin. Because of contamination in ambient waterways, it is likely that ARGs may affect both organic and non-organic farming. While health risk as a consequence of ARGs is difficult to determine because of lack of understanding of dose-response, the presence of ARGs in human waste and animal manure, and the subsequent application of these organic wastes as fertilizers has a potential of spreading ARGs in the environment. Additional research is needed to understand the presence, growth, and transport of ARGs through animal wastes such as dairy manure. In this review, we focus on synthesizing information regarding the occurrence of ARGs in dairy manure, potential transport pathways, and factors responsible for the spread of ARGs in the environment. Besides, we also explore potential treatment methods that may contribute to the ARG removal in dairy manure and help alleviate ARG contamination.

https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opag-2022-0129/html