摘要
      大肠杆菌是导致动物和人类胃肠道和肠外疾病的最常见原因之一。由于抗生素的过度使用和滥用，近年来全球抗生素耐药性（AR）大肠杆菌的流行率迅速上升；特别是，来自农场动物相关来源的AR大肠杆菌及其抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）正成为全球关注的问题，对人类和动物健康都有临床负面影响。本综述的目的是探讨农场动物、废物处理和水生环境中AR大肠杆菌的流行趋势。还重点介绍了AR大肠杆菌的消毒方法以及抗生素的可能替代品。目前的综述强调，食用动物、产品和动物粪便中AR大肠杆菌的流行率正在以惊人的速度增加，但在废物处理厂却有所下降。紫外线（UV）处理、表面等离子体氧化和生物炭通常用于有效消除AR大肠杆菌。一些益生菌、植物提取物和抗菌肽（AMP）作为对抗AR大肠杆菌的抗生素的有前途的替代品，正在引起人们的兴趣。目前的综述表明，来自农场动物相关来源的AR大肠杆菌很普遍，并对全球公众健康构成严重威胁。这篇综述为进一步研究、开发和应用新策略提供了途径，以最大限度地减少农场动物源大肠杆菌的抗生素耐药性。
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most frequent causes of gastro-intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases in animals and humans. Due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics, recent years have seen a rapidly increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant (AR) Escherichia coli globally; particularly, AR E. coli from farm animal-associated sources and its antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are becoming a global concern, with clinical negative effects on both human and animal health. The aim of this review was to explore the prevalence trends of AR E. coli from farm animals, waste treatment, and aquatic environments. The disinfection methods of AR E. coli and possible alternatives to antibiotics were also highlighted. The current review highlights that the prevalence of AR E. coli from food animals, products, and animal waste is increasing at an alarming rate, but is reduced at waste treatment plants. Ultraviolet (UV) treatment, surface plasma oxidation, and biochar are commonly used to effectively eliminate AR E. coli. Some probiotics, plant extracts, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are arousing interest as promising alternatives to antibiotics to fight against AR E. coli. The current review suggests that AR E. coli from farm animal-associated sources is prevalent and poses a serious global threat to public health. This review provides an avenue for further research, development, and application of novel strategies to minimize antibiotic resistance in E. coli of farm animal origin.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/11/1535