摘要
      气溶胶是抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）传播的重要途径。自2019年（新冠肺炎）大流行以来，消毒剂的大规模使用有效地阻止了环境微生物的传播，但有关空气中细菌耐药性的研究仍然有限。本研究针对四个功能性城市区域（商业区、教育区、居民区和污水处理厂），研究了新冠肺炎疫情期间气溶胶中ARG丰度、细菌群落结构的变化以及对人类健康的风险。结果表明，新冠肺炎期间ARG的丰度比新冠肺炎之前高出约13倍。大规模消毒导致细菌总数下降。然而，耐氯细菌往往能够存活下来。在四个功能区中，商业区气溶胶细菌的多样性和丰度最高。抗生素敏感性分析表明，由于消毒暴露，分离的细菌对几种测试的抗生素的耐药性升高。ARG对人类健康的潜在接触风险是新冠肺炎大流行前的2倍，呼吸道摄入是主要接触途径。结果表明，新冠肺炎大流行后暴露于消毒剂的气溶胶中的细菌对抗生素的耐药性有所提高。本研究为消毒剂的合理使用和抗菌药物耐药性的控制提供了理论指导。
Abstract
Aerosols are an important route for the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Since the 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the large-scale use of disinfectants has effectively prevented the spread of environmental microorganisms, but studies regarding the antibiotic resistance of airborne bacteria remain limited. This study focused on four functional urban areas (commercial areas, educational areas, residential areas and wastewater treatment plant) to study the variations in ARG abundances, bacterial community structures and risks to human health during the COVID-19 pandemic in aerosol. The results indicated the abundance of ARGs during the COVID-19 period were up to approximately 13-fold greater than before the COVID-19 period. Large-scale disinfection resulted in a decrease in total bacterial abundance. However, chlorine-resistant bacteria tended to be survived. Among the four functional areas, the diversity and abundance of aerosol bacteria were highest in commercial aera. Antibiotic susceptibility assays suggested elevated resistance of isolated bacteria to several tested antibiotics due to disinfection exposure. The potential exposure risks of ARGs to human health were 2 times higher than before the COVID-19 pandemic, and respiratory intake was the main exposure route. The results highlighted the elevated antibiotic resistance of bacteria in aerosols that were exposed to disinfectants after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides theoretical guidance for the rational use of disinfectants and control of antimicrobial resistance.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969723006514