摘要
      有效监测和管理污水处理厂废水中的微生物风险因素需要对这些风险进行全面调查。一项关于污水处理厂废水中微生物风险因素的全球调查可能会揭示其风险特征的重要见解。本研究旨在探讨全球污水处理厂废水中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）、毒力因子基因（VFGs）的丰度和类型、ARG/VFG的载体以及主要病原体。我们从国家生物技术信息中心的序列读取档案中收集了113个污水处理厂废水的宏基因组，并对微生物风险因素进行了表征。我们的结果表明，多药耐药性是ARG的主要类型，而攻击性毒力因子是最丰富的VFG类型。质粒和噬菌体载体中最主要的ARGs类型都是氨基糖苷类耐药性，这令人担忧，因为氨基糖苷类通常是治疗多重耐药性感染的最后手段。鲍曼不动杆菌是最主要的病原体，而不是大肠杆菌，大肠杆菌与其他两种主要病原体（鲍曼不动杆菌和均匀拟杆菌）之间的弱负相关性表明，使用大肠杆菌作为污水处理厂废水中所有病原体的生物指标可能不合适。Getah病毒是在全球污水处理厂废水中发现的最主要的病毒。我们的研究对污水处理厂废水中的微生物风险因素进行了全面的全球范围的调查，为污水处理厂污水相关的潜在风险提供了有价值的见解，并有助于监测和控制这些风险。
Abstract
Effective monitoring and management of microbial risk factors in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluents require a comprehensive investigation of these risks. A global survey on microbial risk factors in WWTP effluents could reveal important insights into their risk features. This study aims to explore the abundance and types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence factor genes (VFGs), the vector of ARG/VFG, and dominant pathogens in global WWTP effluents. We collected 113 metagenomes of WWTP effluents from the Sequence Read Archive of the National Center for Biotechnology Information and characterized the microbial risk factors. Our results showed that multidrug resistance was the dominant ARG type, while offensive virulence factors were the most abundant type of VFGs. The most dominant types of ARGs in the vector of plasmid and phage were both aminoglycoside resistance, which is concerning as aminoglycosides are often a last resort for treating multi-resistant infections. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most dominant pathogen, rather than Escherichia coli, and a weak negative correlation between Escherichia coli and two other dominant pathogens (Acinetobacter baumannii and Bacteroides uniformis) suggests that using Escherichia coli as a biological indicator for all pathogens in WWTP effluents may not be appropriate. The Getah virus was the most dominant virus found in global WWTP effluents. Our study presents a comprehensive global-scale investigation of microbial risk factors in WWTP effluents, providing valuable insights into the potential risks associated with WWTP effluents and contributing to the monitoring and control of these risks.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1001074223001675