摘要
      具有抗微生物耐药性的空气传播病原体的释放是一个日益严重的全球公共卫生威胁。废水中的抗微生物细菌和抗微生物基因（ARB/ARGs）通过雾化传播的可能性尚不完全清楚。化粪池是美国约25%的家庭使用的现场废水处理系统（OWTS）。本研究中的系统由四个储罐组成，由两种不同的处理类型连接，废水从污染最严重的储罐1转移到净化程度最高的储罐4。在夏季和冬季，用打开和关闭的盖子收集每个储罐的气溶胶样本，以观察其对生物气溶胶排放的影响。还对每个水箱内的水进行取样，以比较细菌浓度和成分。微生物和分子分析的结果表明，与水样相比，气溶胶中的细菌浓度较低。抗生素测试表明，与夏季的雾化细菌相比，冬季的雾化细菌对所使用的抗生素更具耐药性。雾化细菌的发生可能取决于操作条件和排放方法，取决于湿度、温度和空气速度的变化，而流出物阻力可能会受到群体感应的影响。对水和生物气溶胶微生物组的进一步评估应包括对来自这两个来源的细菌分离株的抗微生物耐药性的基因组分析，从而为人类暴露于废水处理系统附近的ARB/ARGs提供重要联系。
Abstract
The release of airborne pathogens with antimicrobial resistance is a growing global public health threat. The potential spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARB/ARGs) from wastewater effluents through aerosolization is not fully understood. Septic tanks are on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) used in about 25% of households in the United States (US). The system in this study consists of four tanks connected by two different treatment types, with wastewater moving from the most contaminated, Tank 1, to the most purified holding, Tank 4. Aerosol samples at each tank were collected in the summer and winter with open and closed lids to observe their effect on bioaerosol emissions. The water inside each tank was also sampled to compare the bacteria concentration and composition. Results from microbial and molecular analysis indicate lower concentrations of bacteria in the aerosols compared to the water samples. The antibiotic testing indicates that aerosolized bacteria from the winter were more resistant to the antibiotics used compared to the aerosolized bacteria from the summer. The occurrence of aerosolized bacteria likely depends on operational conditions and discharge methods, on changes in humidity, temperature, and air velocity, while the effluent resistance can be influenced by quorum sensing. Further assessment of the water and bioaerosol microbiome should include the genomic analysis of antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates from both sources and thus provide an important link regarding human exposure to ARBs/ARGs near wastewater treatment systems.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02786826.2023.2192253