摘要
      重金属是天然存在的环境化合物，可影响抗微生物耐药性（AMR）的传播。然而，关于重金属如何在初级食品生产环境中对AMR产生选择性压力的信息有限。本综述旨在研究有关这一主题的文献，以确定知识差距。共有73项研究符合预先确定的标准。这些调查是在2008年至2021年间进行的，在过去三年中大幅增加。所包括的大多数研究都是在中国进行的。土壤、水和粪肥是最常见的分析样本，采样地点从自然存在重金属的地区、故意用重金属或粪肥改良的地区到靠近工业活动或矿山的地区各不相同。54%的调查侧重于对四种或四种以上重金属的分析，铜和锌是分析频率最高的金属（分别为59和49）。这篇综述的结果突出了重金属与初级食品生产环境中AMR之间的联系。重金属影响了可移动遗传元件（MGE）和抗微生物抗性基因（ARGs）的丰度和传播，MGE也被观察到在ARGs和金属抗性基因（MRGs）传播中发挥着关键作用。统一未来研究中使用的方法将增加研究之间进行比较的机会。还需要进一步研究，以扩大全球范围内数据的可用性。
Abstract
Heavy metals are naturally occurring environmental compounds, which can influence antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dissemination. However, there is limited information on how heavy metals may act as a selective pressure on AMR in the primary food production environment. This review aims to examine the literature on this topic in order to identify knowledge gaps. A total of 73 studies, which met pre-established criteria, were included. These investigations were undertaken between 2008 and 2021, with a significant increase in the last three years. The majority of studies included were undertaken in China. Soil, water and manure were the most common samples analysed, and the sampling locations varied from areas with a natural presence of heavy metals, areas intentionally amended with heavy metals or manure, to areas close to industrial activity or mines. Fifty-four per cent of the investigations focused on the analysis of four or more heavy metals, and copper and zinc were the metals most frequently analysed (n = 59, n = 49, respectively). The findings of this review highlight a link between heavy metals and AMR in the primary food production environment. Heavy metals impacted the abundance and dissemination of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), with MGEs also observed as playing a key role in the spread of ARGs and metal resistance genes (MRGs). Harmonization of methodologies used in future studies would increase the opportunity for comparison between studies. Further research is also required to broaden the availability of data at a global level.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749123000374