摘要

在二十一世纪初，对乳酸菌（LAB）产生的细菌素的期望是针对食品应用的。然而，细菌素对抗不良微生物的有效性为创新研究开辟了无尽的可能性。在本次审查中，我们收集了一个数据库，其中包括429篇已发表论文和245项授权专利（从2004年至2015年）。基于文献计量分析，详细讨论了近11年来细菌素研究的进展。据发现，2010 - 2015年授予了164项专利，与往年相比相当于60％（即2004 - 2009年仅授予了81项专利）。目前，细菌素的研究仍然越来越重要。在治疗策略领域，约有37％的已发表的研究集中在过去十年的生物医学应用。这种研究的脉络目前正在寻找解决癌症，全身感染，口腔护理，阴道感染，避孕和护肤等问题的替代解决方案。另一方面，食品保鲜，生物纳米材料和兽医应用分别占29％，25％和9％。所有这些技术正在得到应用，未来一定会发展壮大，因为自2004年以来，专利授权中约有31％专注于生物医学领域，29％用于食品保存，5％用于兽医用途;而13％和16％对应于生产商纯化系统和生产商菌株中重组蛋白或分子修饰的专利。本评论有助于分析最近的LAB细菌素应用及其在安全性，质量和改善人类健康方面的作用。

In the early 2000s, the expectations about bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LABs) were aimed at food applications. However, the effectiveness of bacteriocins against undesirable micro-organisms opened endless possibilities for innovative research. In the present review, we collected a database including 429 published papers and 245 granted patents (from 2004 to 2015). Based on bibliometric analysis, the progress of bacteriocin research in the last 11 years was discussed in detail. It was found that 164 patents were granted in 2010–2015, which is equivalent to 60% in comparison with previous years (i.e. only 81 patents were granted in 2004–2009). Currently, the research on bacteriocins is still gaining importance. In the realm of therapeutic strategies, about a 37% of the published research was focused on biomedical applications in the last decade. This vein of research is currently seeking for alternative solutions to problems such as cancer, systemic infections, oral-care, vaginal infections, contraception and skincare. On the other hand, food preservation, bio-nanomaterial and veterinary applications represent 29%, 25% and 9%, respectively. All this technology is being applied and will surely grow in the future, since about 31% of the patents granted since 2004 are focused on the biomedical area, 29% on food preservation, 5% on veterinary use; whereas 13% and 16% correspond to patents granted on production–purification systems and recombinant proteins or molecular modifications in the producer strains. This review contributes to the analysis of recent LAB bacteriocin applications and their role in safety, quality and improvement of human health.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13102818.2016.1232605